Publications

Faculty Publications (University of Virginia)

Google Scholar Page

75) Gupta, D.; Zhang, Y.; Nie, Z.; Koenig, Jr., G. M. Neutron Imaging the Spatial Progression of Chemical Oxidation of Lithium-Ion Cathode Material in a Packed Bed Reactor. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry. 2024. Accepted.

74) Wang, J.; Koenig, Jr., G. M. Review: Direct Lithium Extraction Using Intercalation Materials. Chemistry A European Journal. 2024. Accepted.

73) Yost, D.; Laurer, J.; Childrey, K.; Cai, C.; Koenig, Jr., G. M. Fabrication and Characterization of Plasma Sprayed TiO2 and Li4Ti5O12 Materials as All Active Material Lithium-Ion Battery Electrodes. Batteries. 2023. Vol. 9. 598.

72) Cai, C.; Koenig, Jr., G. M. Electronically Conductive Metal Oxide Incorporation in Electrode to Enable High Energy Density All Active Material Electrodes. Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry. 2023. Vol. 950. 117920.

71) Cai, C.; Min, B.; Yost, D.; Koenig, Jr., G. M. Combining Ester Solvent Containing Electrolytes with All Active Material Electrodes for High Current Density Lithium-Ion Batteries. ACS Applied Energy Materials. 2023. Vol. 6. p. 11226-11233. 

70) Cai, C.; Hensley, D.; Koenig, Jr., G. M. High Capacity Rechargeable Coin Cells Using All Active Material Electrodes and Percolated Networks of LiCoO2 Blended with LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2. Journal of Alloy and Compounds. 2023. Vol. 968. 171965.

69) Cai, C.; Gao, L.; Sun, T.; Koenig, Jr., G. M. Stable Multicomponent Multiphase All Active Material Lithium-Ion Battery Anodes. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces. 2023. Vol. 15. p. 34662-34674.

68) Wang, J.; Koenig, Jr., G. M. Comparison of Lithium Diffusion Coefficient Measurements in Tellurium Electrodes via Different Electrochemical Techniques. Journal of the Electrochemical Society. 2023. Vol. 170. 050534.

67) Cai, C.; McCormack, P. M.; Nie, Z.; Koenig, Jr., G. M. Impact of Carbon Coating Processing Using Sucrose for Thick Binder Free Titanium Niobium Oxide Lithium-Ion Battery Anode. Journal of Electrochemical Science and Engineering. 2023. Vol. 12. p. 641-658. 

66) Cai, C.; Yost, D.; Koenig, Jr., G. M. Increased Cycling Rates for Thick All Active Material Electrodes via Electrolyte Modifications. Journal of Energy Storage. 2023. Vol. 64. 107238. 

65) McCormack, Patrick M.; Koenig, Jr., G. M.; Geise, Geoffrey M. Transport Property Modulation via Solvent-Specific Behavior in Crosslinked Nonaqueous Membranes. ACS Applied Polymer Materials. 2023. Vol. 2. p. 308-320. 

64) Wang, J.; Nie, Z.; Koenig, Jr., G. M. Sintered Porous Tellurium Pellet Lithium Battery Electrodes. Energy Technology. 2023. Vol. 11. 2300047. 

63) Cai, C.; Koenig, Jr., G. M. Enhancing Low Electronic Conductivity Materials in All Active Material Electrodes through Multicomponent Architecture. Energy Advances. 2023. Vol. 2. p. 308-320.

 62) Cai, C.; Liu, S.; Nie, Z.; Kim, K.-Y.; Koenig, Jr., G. M. Combination of Data-Driven and Physics-Based Models for Thick Sintered Electrode Lithium-Ion Batteries. Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering. 2023. Vol. 2. p. 521-527. 

61) Cai, C.; Koenig, Jr., G. M. Processing Temperature Impact on TiNb2O7 Thick All Active Material Lithium-Ion Battery Electrodes. Journal of the Electrochemical Society. 2023. Vol. 170. 010529.

(60) Koenig, Jr., G. M.; Liu, N. Lithium-Ion Batteries and Their Impact on Our Lives. ECS Interface. 2022. Vol. 31. 105218. 

(59) Cai, C.; Hensley, D.; Koenig, Jr., G. M. Simulated Discharge Overpotential Distributions for Sintered Electrode Batteries in Rechargeable Coin Cell Form Factors. Journal of Energy Storage. 2022. Vol. 54. 105218.

(58) Parai, R.; Nie, Z.; Hempley, R.; Koenig, Jr., G. M.; Ghosh, D.; Solute concentration effects on microstructure and the compressive strength of ice-templated sintered lithium titanate. Journal of the American Ceramic Society. 2022. Accepted.

(57) Koenig, Jr., G. M. Student Learning Outcomes in a Statistics and Probability Course with a Credit/No Credit Option. American Society for Engineering Education 2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition, Minneapolis, MN. 2022. HTTPS://STRATEGY.ASEE.ORG/40384.

(56) Cai, C.; Liu, S.; Nie, Z.; Kim, K.-Y.; Koenig, Jr., G. M. Combination of Data-Driven and Physics-Based Models for Thick Sintered Electrode Lithium-Ion Batteries. Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering. 2022. Accepted.

(55) Cai, C.; Nie, Z.; Koenig, Jr., G. M. Multicomponent Two-Layered Cathode for Thick Sintered Lithium-Ion Batteries. Materials Advances. 2022. Vol. 3. p. 4200-4212.

(54) Nie, Z.; Parai, R.; Ghosh, D.; Koenig, Jr., G. M. Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Electrochemically Cycled Ice-Templated Li4Ti5O12 Sintered Anodes. International Journal of Energy Research. 2022. Vol. 46 p. 11501-11509.

(53) Gupta, D.; Zhang, Y.; Nie, Z.; Wang, J.; Koenig, Jr., G. M. Chemical Redox of Lithium-Ion Solid Electroactive Material in a Packed Bed Flow Reactor. Chemical Engineering Science. 2022. Vol. 251. 117443.

(52) Cai, C.; Koenig, Jr., G. M. Investigating Dopants to Improve Sintered LiMn2O4 Spinel Electrode Electrochemical Cycling Limitations. Electrochimica Acta. 2022. Vol. 401. 139484.

(51) McCormack, P. M.; Koenig, Jr., G. M. Geise, G. M. Thermodynamic Interactions as a Descriptor of Cross-over in Non-Aqueous Redox Flow Battery Membranes. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces. 2021. Vol. 13. p. 49331-49339.  

(50) Parai, R.; Gundrati, N. G.; Akurati, S.; Koenig, Jr., G. M.; Ghosh, D. Microstructure in the transition region and steady-state region of ice-templated sintered lithium titanate Li4Ti5O12 materials fabricated with and without sucrose. Journal of Materials Research. 2021. Vol. 36. p. 3519-3538.

(49) Cai, C.; Dong, H.; Koenig, Jr., G. M. Anisotropic Particle Synthesis and Characterization for Lithium-Ion Battery Electrode Materials via Precursor Precipitate Growth Inhibitor. Powder Technology. 2021. Vol. 394. p. 214-224.

(48) Bennett, J. A.; Simpson, J. G.; Qin, C.; Fittro, R.; Koenig, Jr., G. M.; Clarens, A. F.; Loth, E. Techno-Economic Analysis of Offshore Isothermal Compressed Air Energy Storage in Saline Aquifers Co-Located with Wind Power. Applied Energy. 2021. Vol. 149. 111387.

(47) Nie, Z.; Parai, R.; Cai, C.; Ghosh, D.; Koenig, Jr., G. M. Improving High Rate Cycling Limitations of Thick Sintered Battery Electrodes by Mitigating Molecular Transport Limitations through Modifying Electrode Microstructure and Electrolyte Conductivity. Molecular Systems Design & Engineering. 2021. Vol. 6. p. 708-712.

(46) Simpson, J. G.; Hanrahan, G.; Loth, E.; Koenig, Jr., G. M.; Sadoway, D. R. Liquid Metal Battery Storage in an Offshore Wind Turbine: Concept and Economic Analysis. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 2021. Vol 149. 111387.

(45) Nie, Z.; Parai, R.; Cai, C.; Michaelis, C.; LaManna, J.; Hussey, D.; Jacobson, D.; Ghosh, D.; Koenig, Jr., G. M. Pore Microstructure Impacts on Lithium Ion Transport and Rate Capability of Thick Sintered Electrodes. Journal of the Electrochemical Society. 2021. Vol 168. 060550.

(44) Gupta, D.; Cai, C..; Koenig, Jr., G. M. Comparative Analysis of Chemical Redox between Redox Shuttles and a Lithium-Ion Cathode Material via Electrochemical Analysis of Redox Shuttle Conversion. Journal of the Electrochemical Society. 2021. Vol. 168. 050546.

(43) Cai, C.; Nie, Z.; Robinson, J. P.; Hussey, D. S.; LaManna, J. M.; Jacobson, D. L.; Koenig, Jr., G. M. Thick Sintered Electrode Lithium-Ion Battery Discharge Simulations: Incorporating Lithiation-Dependent Electronic Conductivity and Lithiation Gradient Due to Charge Cycle. Journal of the Electrochemical Society. 2020. Vol. 167. 140542.

(42) Parai, R.; Walters, T.; Marin, J.; Pagola, S.; Koenig, Jr., G. M.; Ghosh, D. Strength Enhancement in Ice-Templated Lithium Titanate Li4Ti5O12 Materials Using Sucrose. Materialia. 2020. Vol. 14. 100901.

(41) Koenig, Jr., G. M.; Gupta, D.; Kim, Y. Expected Variation in Reported Coin Cell Capacities Due to Current Collector Mass Distribution. Journal of the Electrochemical Society. 2020. Vol. 167. 120529.

(40) McCormack, P. M.; Luo, H.; Geise, G. M. Koenig, Jr., G. M. Conductivity, Permeability, and Stability Properties of Chemically Tailored Poly(phenylene oxide) Membranes for Li+ Conductive Non-Aqueous Redox Flow Battery Separators. Journal of Power Sources. 2020. Vol. 460. Article 228107. Included in the “2019 Nobel Prize in Chemistry” issue.

(39) Gupta, D.; Koenig, Jr., G. M. Analysis of Chemical and Electrochemical Lithiation/Delithiation of a Lithium-Ion Cathode Material. The Journal of the Electrochemical Society. 2020. Vol. 167. 020537.

(38) Nie, Z.; Ong, S.; Hussey, D. S.; LaManna, J. M.; Koenig, Jr., G. M. Probing Transport Limitations in Thick Sintered Battery Electrodes with Neutron Imaging. Molecular Systems Design & Engineering. 2020. Vol. 5. p. 245-256. Included in the 2020 Emerging Investigators issue.

(37) Dong, H.; Koenig, Jr., G. M. A Review on Synthesis and Engineering of Crystal Precursors Produced Via Coprecipitation for Multicomponent Lithium-Ion Battery Cathode Materails. CrystEngComm. 2020. Vol. 22. p. 1514-1530. Included in the "Crystal Engineering for Electrochemical Applications" issue.

(36) Dong, H.; Gardner, E.; Barron, A. F.; Koenig, Jr., G. M. Apparent Activation Energy of Multicomponent Transition Metal Oxalates to Probe Synthesis of Battery Precursor Particles. Powder Technology. 2019. Vol. 354. p. 158-164.

(35) Deiner, L. J.; Howell, T. G.; Koenig, Jr., G. M.; Rottmayer, M. A. Interfacial Reaction During Co- Sintering of Lithium Manganese Nickel Oxide and Lithium Aluminum Germanium Phosphate. International Journal of Applied Ceramic Technology. 2019. Vol. 16. p. 1659-1667.

(34) Nie, Z.; McCormack, P.; Bilheux, H. Z.; Bilheux, J. C.; Robinson, J. P.; Nanda, J.; Koenig, Jr., G. M. Probing Lithiation and Delithiation of Thick Sintered Lithium-Ion Battery Electrodes with Neutron Imaging. Journal of Power Sources. 2019. Vol. 419. p. 127-136.

(33) Geng, L.; Foley, S.; Dong, H.; Koenig, Jr., G. M. Lithium Iron Phosphate Accelerated Change in Surface and Electrochemical Properties in Aqueous System Induced by Mechanical Agitation. Energy Technology. 2019. Vol. 7. 1801116.

(32) Michaelis, C.; Erisen, N.; Eroglu, D.; Koenig, Jr., G. M. Electrochemical Performance and Modelling of Lithium-Sulfur Batteries with Varying Carbon to Sulfur Ratios. International Journal of Energy Research. 2019. Vol. 43. p. 874-883.

(31) Robinson, J. P..; Ruppert, J. J.; Dong, H.; Koenig, Jr., G. M. Sintered Electrode Full Cells for High Energy Density Lithium-Ion Batteries. Journal of Applied Electrochemistry. 2018. Vol. 48. p. 1297-1304.

(30) Dong, H.; Wang, A.; Smart, G.; Johnson, D.; Koenig, Jr., G. M. In-Situ Analysis of Nucleation and Growth of Transition Metal Oxalate Battery Precursor Particles via Time Evolution of Solution Composition and Particle Size Distribution. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects. 2018. Vol. 558. p. 8-15.

(29) Geng, L.; Denecke, M. E.; Foley, S. B.; Dong, H.; Qi, Z.; Koenig, Jr., G. M. Electrochemical Characterization of Lithium Cobalt Oxide within Aqueous Flow Suspensions as an Indicator of Rate Capability in Lithium-Ion Battery Electrodes. Electrochimica Acta. 2018. Vol. 281. p. 822-830.

(28) Dong, H.; Wang, A.; Koenig, Jr., G. M. Role of Coprecipitation and Calcination of Precursors on Phase Homogeneity and Electrochemical Properties of Battery Active Materials. Powder Technology. 2018. Vol. 335. p. 137-146.

(27) Robinson, J.P.; Kichambare, P. D.; Deiner, J. L.; Miller, R.; Rottmayer, M.; Koenig, Jr., G. M. High Temperature Electrode-Electrolyte Interface Formation between LiMn1.5Ni0.5O4 and Li1.4Al0.4Ge1.6(PO4)3. Journal of the American Ceramic Society. 2018. Vol. 101. p. 1087-1094

(26) Paharik, E.; Rudman, K.; Koenig, Jr., G. M. Investigation of Polyanion Materials with Multiple Intercalation Cations: Na Ions in Na-Ion Full Cell. Electrochemical Society Transactions. 2017. Vol. 80. p. 259-266.

(25) Paharik, E.; Cantwell, P.; Koenig, Jr., G. M. Iron Phosphate Polyanion Compounds as Anodes for Aqueous Lithium-Ion Batteries. Electrochemical Society Transactions. 2017. Vol. 80. p. 171-182.

(24) Qi, Z.; Dong, H.; Koenig, Jr., G. M. Electrochemical Characterization of Lithium-Ion Battery Cathode Materials with Aqueous Flowing Dispersions. Electrochimica Acta. 2017. Vol. 253. p. 163-170

(23) Dong, H.; Koenig, Jr., G. M. Compositional Control of Precipitate Precursors for Lithium-Ion Battery Active Materials: Role of Solution Equilibrium and Precipitate Rate. Journal of Materials Chemistry A. 2017. Vol. 5 p. 13785-13798

(22) Qi, Z.; Koenig, Jr., G. M. Review Article: Flow Battery Systems with Solid Electroactive Materials. Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology B. 2017. Vol. 35 p. 040801/1-040801/27 (Featured Article)

(21) Qi, Z.; Liu, A. L.; Koenig, Jr., G. M. Carbon-free Solid Dispersion LiCoO2 Redox Couple Characterization and Electrochemical Evaluation for All Solid Dispersion Redox Flow Batteries. Electrochimica Acta. 2017. Vol. 228 p. 91-99

(20) Qi, Z.; Koenig, Jr., G. M. Electrochemical Evaluation of Suspensions of Lithium-Ion Battery Active Materials as an Indicator of Rate Capability. The Journal of the Electrochemical Society. 2017. Vol. 164 p. A151-A155

(19) Qi, Z.; Koenig, Jr., G. M. High Performance LiCoO2 Sub-Micrometer Materials from Scalable Microparticle Template Processing. ChemistrySelect. 2016. Vol. 1 p. 3992-3999

(18) Qi, Z.; Koenig, Jr., G. M. A Carbon-Free Lithium-Ion Solid Dispersion Redox Couple with Low Viscosity for Redox Flow Batteries. Journal of Power Sources. 2016. Vol. 323. p. 97-106

(17) Robinson, J. P.; Koenig, Jr., G. M. Tuning Solution Chemistry for Morphology Control of Lithium-Ion Battery Precursor Particles. Powder Technology. 2015. Vol. 284. p. 225-230

Postdoctoral Publications (Argonne National Laboratory)

(16) Koenig, Jr., G. M.; Ma, J.; Key, B.; Fink, J.; Low, K.-B.; Shahbazian-Yassar, R.; Belharouak, I. Composite of LiFePO4 with Titanium Phosphate Phases as Lithium-Ion Battery Electrode Material. Journal of Physical Chemistry C. 2013. Vol. 117. p. 21132-21138

(15) Belharouak, I.; Koenig, Jr., G. M.; Tan, T.; Yumoto, H.; Ota, N.; Amine, K. Performance Degradation and Gassing of Li4Ti5O12/LiMn2O4 Lithium-Ion Cells. The Journal of the Electrochemical Society. 2012. Vol. 159. p. A1165-A1170

(14) Belharouak, I.; Koenig, Jr., G. M.; Amine, K. Electrochemistry and Safety of Li4Ti5O12 and Graphite Anodes Paired with LiMn2O4 for HEV Li-Ion Battery Applications. Journal of Power Sources. 2011. Vol. 196. p. 10344-10350

(13) Wang, D.; Belharouak, I.; Koenig, G. M.; Zhou, G.; Amine, K. Growth Mechanism of Ni0.3Mn0.7CO3 Precursor for High Capacity Li-Ion Battery Cathodes. Journal of Materials Chemistry 2011. Vol. 21. p. 9290-9295

(12) Koenig, Jr., G. M.; Belharouak, I.; Deng, H.; Sun, Y.-K.; Amine, K. Composition-Tailored Synthesis of Gradient Transition Metal Precursor Particles for Lithium-Ion Battery Cathode Materials. Chemistry of Materials. 2011. Vol. 23. p. 1954-1963

(11) Belharouak, I.; Koenig, Jr., G. M.; Ma, J.; Dambournet, D., Amine, K. Identification of LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 Spinel in Layered Manganese Enriched Electrode Materials. Electrochemistry Communications. 2011. Vol. 13. p. 232-236

(10) Koenig, Jr., G. M.; Belharouak, I.; Wu, H. M.; Amine, K. Hollow Lithiated Metal Oxide Particles as Lithium-Ion Battery Cathode Materials. Electrochimica Acta. 2011. Vol. 56 p. 1426-1431

Graduate Publications (University of Wisconsin-Madison)

(9) Moreno-Razo, J. A.; Sambriski, E. J.; Koenig, G. M.; Diaz-Herrera, E.; Abbott, N. L.; de Pablo, J. J. Effects of Anchoring Strength on the Diffusivity of Nanoparticles in Model Liquid-Crystalline Fluids. Soft Matter. 2011. Vol. 7. p. 6828-6835 (cover)

(8) Koenig, Jr., G. M.; Lin, I.-H.; Abbott, N. L. Chemo-Responsive Assemblies of Microparticles at Liquid Crystalline Interfaces. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2010. Vol. 107. p. 3998-4003 (also see commentary in the issue on p. 3945) 

(7) Gettelfinger, B. T.; Moreno-Razo, J. A.; Koenig, Jr., G. M.; Hernandez-Ortiz, J. P.; Abbott, N. L.; de Pablo, J. J. Flow Induced Deformation of Defects Around Nanoparticles and Nanodroplets Suspended in Liquid Crystals: Interactions with Nanochannels. Soft Matter. 2010. Vol. 6. p. 896-901

(6) Koenig, Jr., G. M.; de Pablo, J. J.; Abbott, N. L. Characterization of the Reversible Interaction of Pairs of Nanoparticles Dispersed in Nematic Liquid Crystals. Langmuir. 2009. Vol. 25. p. 13318-13321

(5) Koenig, Jr., G. M.; Ong, R.; Cortes, A. D.; de Pablo, J. J.; Abbott, N. L. Single Nanoparticle Tracking Reveals Influence of Chemical Functionality of Nanoparticles on Local Ordering of Liquid Crystals and Nanoparticle Diffusion Coefficients. Nano Letters. 2009. Vol. 9. p. 2794-2801

(4) Lin, I.-H.; Koenig, Jr., G. M.; de Pablo, J. J.; Abbott, N. L. Ordering of Solid Microparticles at Liquid Crystal-Water Interfaces. Journal of Physical Chemistry B. 2008. Vol. 112. p. 16552-16558

(3) Koenig, Jr., G. M.; Gettelfinger, B. T.; de Pablo, J. J.; Abbott, N. L. Using Localized Surface Plasmon Resonances to Probe the Nanoscopic Origins of Adsorbate-Driven Ordering Transitions of Liquid Crystals in Contact with Chemically Functionalized Gold Nanodots. Nano Letters. 2008. Vol. 8. p. 2362-2368

(2) Koenig, Jr., G. M.; Meli, M.-V.; Park, J.-S.; de Pablo, J. J.; Abbott, N. L. Coupling of the Plasmon Resonances of Chemically Functionalized Gold Nanoparticles to Local Order in Thermotropic Liquid Crystals. Chemistry of Materials. 2007. Vol. 19. p. 1053-1061

(1) Hung, F. R.; Gettelfinger, B. T.; Koenig, Jr., G. M.; Abbott, N. L.; de Pablo, J. J. Nanoparticles in Nematic Liquid Crystals: Interactions with Nanochannels. The Journal of Chemical Physics. 2007. Vol. 127. p. 124702-1/124702-10

1) Koenig, Jr., G. M.; Foley, S.; Geng, L.; Gupta, D. Characterization of Flowing Aqueous Solid Dispersions of Electroactive Lithium-Ion Battery Materials. ECSarXiv Preprints. 2019. October 15. DOI: 10.1149/osf.io/98wvx 

Koenig, Jr., G.M.; Geise, M.; McCormack, P. M. "Ion Selective Membranes for Organic Electrochemical Processes", U.S. Provisional Patent Serial No. 62/828,524, Filed on April 8, 2019.

Koenig, Jr., G.M.; Robinson, J. P. "Sintered Electrode Cells for High Energy Density Batteries and Related Method Thereof", Patent Application No. PCT/US18/58710, Filed on November 1, 2018.

Koenig, Jr., G. M.; Robinson, J.P. "High Energy Lithium-Ion Batteries with Thick Electrodes and Related Method Thereof" U.S. Provisional Patent Serial No. 62/752,669, Filed on October 30, 2018

Koenig, Jr., G. M.; Robinson, J.P. "High Energy Lithium-Ion Batteries with Thick Electrodes and Related Method Thereof" U.S. Provisional Patent Serial No. 62/658,076, Filed on April 16, 2018

Koenig, Jr., G. M.; Qi, Z. "System and Method for Characterizing Conductive Materials" US Patent Application Serial No. 15/815,195, Filed November 16, 2017

Koenig, Jr., G. M.; Robinson, J.P. "High Energy Lithium-Ion Batteries with Thick Electrodes and Related Method Thereof" U.S. Provisional Patent Serial No. 62/580,175, Filed on November 1, 2017

Koenig, Jr., G. M.; Qi, Z. "Dispersion Particle Resistance (DPR) for Characterization and Quality Control of Battery Materials and Related Method Therof" US Provisional Patent Serial No. 65/540,144. Filed August 2, 2017

Koenig, Jr., G. M.; Qi, Z. "Carbon-Free Lithium-Ion Solid Dispersion Flow Battery with Low Viscosity and High Energy Density and Related Method Thereof" US Provisional Patent Serial No. 62/407,806. Filed October 13, 2016

Koenig, Jr., G. M.; Qi, Z. "Carbon-Free Lithium-Ion Solid Dispersion Flow Battery with Low Viscosity and High Energy Density and Related Method Thereof" US Provisional Patent Serial No. 62/238,949. Filed October 8, 2015

Koenig, Jr., G. M.; Belharouak, I. "Lithium Iron Titanium Phosphate Composites for Lithium Batteries" US Patent. Pending

Koenig, Jr., G. M.; Belharouak, I.; Amine, K.; Deng, H., "Methods for Preparing Materials for Lithium Ion Batteries", US Patent 8,591,774 B2, November 2013.-Technology was licensed (nonexclusively) by a company from Argonne National Laboratory