Advances in materials are essential to continued economic growth, to the security of the nation and to ensuring human well-being. Nanomaterials science enables new catalysts that reduce the carbon emissions of chemical engineering plants, sensors that can rapidly and reliably detect viruses and a wide array of nanoelectronics devices. Continued innovation relies on a healthy ecosystem encompassing industry, academic institutions, and government laboratories and an educational system that attracts and trains talented engineers and scientists.